Environmental Scanning - 1483 Words

Environment Analysis: Creative Confections I ve always liked to be adventurous with food, especially desserts, said Lavonne Temple, founder of Creative Confections (CC), a small and emerging specialty bakery in Jacksonville, Florida. Starting with cake and candy recipe experimentation in 2002, Temple developed a tidy little business selling scrumptious specialty cakes and candies from a home-based operation. Increasing demand for Temple s upscale homemade confections recently poised CC on the brink of major expansion. In the next decade, CC can expect to encounter changing trends within the baking industry, each impacting the company s long-term environmental objectives in remote, industry, and operational contexts. Remote†¦show more content†¦Augustine, and Fernandina. Marketing innovation Ââ€" Seeking future market differentiation via a unique kiosk-fresh operational format is an intriguing approach. The kiosk plan involves baking standard cakes in a self-contained, multi-purpose program in a maximum of 100 square feet of production/sales space, installed in shopping malls and other retail outlets that wish to profit from high-margin, fresh-from-the oven impulse food products (CAIMA, 2003). Strategic objective: Eventually acquire kiosk-fresh partnering opportunities with The Avenues, St. Johns Square, and Orange Park Mall. The tantalizing aroma of a freshly-baked cake, prepared delectably in full view of customers, will communicate an image of quality, freshness, and better taste, giving CC a chance to network for corporate and private orders (CAIMA). Operations environment Corporate contacts Ââ€" Tapping into the corporate gift market is a lucrative operational trend, suggested to continue in the future (Retail Bakers Association). Local business behemoths, such as Blue Cross-Blue Shield, CSX Transportation, and Vistakon, confirm this trend, as each send upscale food and gift items to clients as appreciation gifts (Personal communication, entity HR departments, 2005). Intriguing corporate baking opportunities also beckon CC to contract in the future with the Jacksonville Jaguars, ATP Tennis Tour, and theShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Scanning1136 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental Scanning To assure the success of a business over a long period of time the business must be able to conduct regular analysis of their success. They must be able to determine where they are today and have a goal of where they would like to see themselves 5-10 years down the road. In order to conduct a true analysis of the company, one must complete an environmental scan of their organization. Thus scanning for events, trends, issues and expectations that they may be faced with in theRead MoreEnvironmental Scanning1926 Words   |  8 Pages   ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING Environmental  scanning  is  a  process  of  gathering,  analyzing,  and  dispensinginformation for tactical or strategic purposes. The environmental scanning processentails  obtaining  both  factual  and  subjective  information  on  the  businessenvironments  in  which  a  company  is  operating  or  considering  entering.Environmental scanning is the process in which a firm continually collects andevaluates information about its external environment. There are six  main categoriesof environmentalRead MoreEnvironmental Scanning and Aspects’2062 Words   |  9 PagesWhat is environmental scanning? Environmental scanning is the communication of external information about facts that could influence an organization on its’ strategic decision-making process. It is a method of analyzing relevant gathered information and use to determine strategic and premeditated action on the business environment. The environmental scanning process seek obtain both realistic and subjective information on the business environments where a corporation is functioning or consideringRead MoreEnvironmental Scanning of Nintendo662 Words   |  3 Pages1. Environnemental scanning Macro Environment Macro environment is said to be the most general layer of the environment. This consists of broad environmental factors that have an impact on the organization. The PESTEL framework helps us to identify the future trends which might impinge on Nintendo and therefore identify the key drivers of change. On the other hand the five forces framework helps to understand how the competitive dynamics within and around the video game industry are changingRead MoreEnvironmental Scanning Techniques1335 Words   |  6 PagesENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING Environmental Scanning can be defined as the process by which organizations monitor their relevant environment to identify opportunities and threats affecting their business for the purpose of taking strategic decisions. Factors to be Considered for Environmental Scanning The external environment in which an organization exists consists of a bewildering variety of factors. These factors (could also be termed as influences) are events, trends, issues and expectationsRead MoreEnvironmental Scanning Paper1500 Words   |  6 Pages Environmental Scanning Kendra McQueen MGT/498 March 14, 2016 Amy Novoa Environmental Scanning Environmental scanning is an overarching term encompassing the monitoring, evaluation, and dissemination of information relevant to the organizational development of a strategy (Wheelen, Hunger, amp; Hoffman, Bamford, 2015,). The use of an environmental scan can analyze the competitive advantage of a company, evaluate the strategies a company uses to gain an advantage over their competitors and createRead MoreEnvironmental Scanning Paper1834 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Environmental scanning is the first portion to an organization’s strategic management and is very important to the corporation. Environmental scanning is gathering information for the external and the internal of the company. A SWOTT is the best way to gather the information. A SWOTT is determining the strengths, the weaknesses, the opportunities, the threats, and the trends of the organization. Starbucks is a coffee shop that sets out to be different from the competitors. The company doesRead MoreEnvironmental Scanning System for a Hotel1548 Words   |  7 PagesDEPARTMENT OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT AN ESSAY ON Steps to Establish Environmental Scanning System For a Hotel Identify the steps you would take to establish an environmental scanning system for a Hotel business and critically evaluate the process as an aid to effective strategic management Present business scenario across the world is very complex and unpredictable. The globalisation, changes in demographics and technological advancements and political changes influence the business a greatRead MoreAnalysis Of Accor Hotels : Company Profile947 Words   |  4 Pagesthe most widely recognized approach for considering the external business environment (Gupta, 2013). PESTLE analysis stands for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological, Legal and environmental analysis and describe a framework of macro environmental factors utilized as a part of the environmental scanning component of strategic management. Generally, all the PESTLE factors might not important for all types of industry its depends up industry nature or size. This PESTLE analysis is based onRead MoreEnvironmental Analysis : An Organization And Evaluating The Level Of Threat Or Opportunity They Present Essay2769 Words   |  12 PagesEnvironmental Analysis Environmental analysis is a process for identifying all external and internal elements that can affect the performance of the organization and evaluating the level of threat or opportunity they present. Opportunity and threat assessments are then incorporated into decision making process in order to better align strategies with the organizations environment (Investor Words, 2015). Every destination needs to know about their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats

The Bible And Its Influence On My Life - 924 Words

I haven’t read very many books in my life, so the selection to choose from to find one that changed my life is very slim. Among those books is the Bible and none of the others have had anywhere near the impact this one has had on me. By reading the Bible, it caused me to have a better life by strengthening my relationship and connection with God. Growing up I always lived in a religious household. We always prayed before we ate, prayed before we went to bed, and always went to church on Sunday and Wednesday night. While I never questioned these actions and never tried to rebel against them, I still didn’t understand the importance of them either. I was merely walking in my parents footsteps, doing what my parents told me, singing along to the children’s songs in Sunday school, gave a tithing of my allowance every Sunday, but my life was void of the real meanings of my actions. This went on for years. Because I had not yet read through the Bible to understand why these actions had any meaning, they were just things I did all the time and I thought that was normal and that was what it meant to be a Christian. I always knew about the bible, it would be very hard not to when you live in a Christian household and not to mention my dad being the Senior Pastor at my church. These going through the motions continued into my teen years and being a typical teenager, I start to question why I was doing the things I would do. During all the questions I asked I started to drift awayShow MoreRelatedMy Worldview935 Words   |  4 PagesMy Worldview Throughout this course I have learned of many different worldviews. Through learning of these different worldviews, I have learned that I have a strong Christian worldview. I do understand that it is very easy to let the other worldviews influence your own worldview. There are many elements of my worldview that ensure me that I do have a Christian worldview. These elements are I believe that the Bible is God’s word, I believe that God is our creator, I believe we are not perfect beingsRead MoreReading Is The Way Up And Out And Into A Better Life For These Poor Children902 Words   |  4 Pagesnot social, which makes no sense because in philosophy reading is a key to understanding a certain subject matter. One will not go anywhere in life if reading is not there. Children in rural or third world countries would love to learn to read and write. It is one of mankind’s biggest challenges. The ability to read is the way up and out and into a better life for these poor chil dren. Reading allows the mind to open up to new ideas or thoughts that other activities cannot match, especially watchingRead MorePersonal Interpretation Of The Bible868 Words   |  4 Pages In my opinion, personal interpretation of the Bible is a crucial aspect of having a meaningful relationship with God. Our individual interpretations are different because our relationships with God are all different. Part of our fellowship as Christians is being able to learn from each other, and that would be impossible if we all thought and understood God in exactly the same way. These different interpretations of the Bible allow us to grow in our beliefs, and creates more meaningful communitiesRead MoreWorldview As A Person s Perception Of Life And Perspective Of The World1615 Words   |  7 PagesChristian Worldview Rachel Rotolo Liberty University  Table of Contents Part I 3 Part II 3 Part III 6 References 8 Part I A worldview is often defined as a person’s perception of life and perspective of the world. A worldview involves more than how a person interprets life, but it also involves a person’s philosophy of life, and a person’s decision-making (Gutierrez Weider, 2013). Gutierrez and Weider describe a worldview as the lenses that one looks through to see the world, and that what a personRead MoreThe Bible : The Testament And The New Testament1425 Words   |  6 Pages The Bible is a collection of stories and teachings made up of two parts, the Old Testament and the New Testament, as well as the Pentateuch or the first five books of the Bible. The Pentateuch and Old Testament follow the days of creation, the stories of Moses, and all that happened before Jesus was born. The New Testament follows the life, teachings, and death of Jesus. Before the Bible was written around 3000 years ago, it was told through narratives, poetry, and songs. Much like fairytales, whichRead Mo reIslam and Christianity: Two Figureheads in Two Influential Texts1110 Words   |  5 Pagesbeliefs and gives rules or commandments to live by. Islam has the Quran, and Christians have the Bible. Many people in today’s world would deny that there are any similarities between the two books; however, two figures appear in both texts, Abraham and Jesus. The stories of Abraham and Jesus are incredibly similar but, the theological interpretation of these stories creates differences between the Bible and the Quran. Abraham and Jesus were very important during their own lifetime as well as in today’sRead MoreReading Is The Way Up And Out And Into A Better Life For These Poor Children906 Words   |  4 Pageswhich makes no sense because in philosophy, reading is a key to understanding a certain subject matter. One will not go anywhere in life if reading is not there. Children in rural or third world countries would love to learn to read and write. It is one of mankind’s biggest challenges it faces in 2015. The ability to read is the way up and out and into a better life for these poor children. Reading allows the mind to open up to new ideas or thoughts that other activities cannot match, especiallyRead MoreAn Early Age Of My Life892 Words   |  4 Pages Faith/Autobiographical At an early age of my life around five or six I notice a book that my grandmother had always carried with. So one day I asked my grandmother what was this book that she would always read, she had explain to me that it was the Holy bible. I was a child that always ask questions, so I ask my grandmother to explain the Holy Bible to me. She told me about God and how God had attended for everyone to live in harmony. Things didn’t go has God attended them to go. I have many questionsRead MoreTheory of Knowledge Essay1329 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual experiences? The question is, are facts alone enough to constitute knowledge or do those facts need to be interpreted under guidance of personal experiences in order to gain knowledge. In two areas of knowledge that have a large role in my life, natural science and religion, I can see both sides to the argument. There are many times that I agree with the statement that â€Å"knowledge is nothing more than the systematic organization of facts.† Facts are, as Eugenie Carol Scott states in her bookRead MoreDefinition Essay : My Worldview1619 Words   |  7 PagesDefine my worldview. First I will explain what is a worldview. A worldview is known as a framework from which we view reality and make sense of life and the world. Worldview is basic on ideology, philosophy, theology, movement, or religion that provides an overreaching approach to understanding God, the world and man’s relations to God and the world. My worldview I’m a Christianity. According to James N Anderson 2014 What’s your worldview? â€Å"Christianity is the largest religion in the world

Descartes’ Ultimate Purpose of the Meditations Essay

Descartes’ Ultimate Purpose of the Meditations My initial approach to Renà © Descartes, in Meditations on First Philosophy, views the third meditation’s attempts to prove the existence of God as a way of establishing a foundation for the existence of truth, falsity, corporeal things and eventually the establishment of the sciences. When viewed in this light, Descartes is accused of drawing himself into a ‘Cartesian circle,’ ultimately forcing this cosmological proof of God to defy Cartesian method, thus precipitating the failure of the third, fourth, fifth and sixth meditations. This approach to the meditations, in the order with which they are presented, allows me to state that a proof of the existence of God cannot hold†¦show more content†¦In my research, I have not found any critical analysis of Descartes’ meditations that cite the source of this circularity to be anything but the issue of clear and distinct perceptions. From the start of the third meditation, Descartes consults his per ceptions, â€Å"So now I seem to be able to lay it down as a general rule that whatever I perceive very clearly and distinctly is true† (Descartes: 24). Descartes does acknowledge, however, that his perceptions have been wrong in the past: â€Å"through habitual belief I thought I perceived clearly, although I did not in fact do so† (Descartes: 25). This establishment of doubting that which seems obvious is the mission of the first meditation where Descartes outlines his method: Cartesian doubt. Yet, due to the conclusion of â€Å"cogito ergo sum† from the second meditation, â€Å"let whoever can do so deceive me, he will never bring it about that I am nothing† (Descartes: 25). Furthering his reasoning of the clear and distinct perception of his own existence, Descartes writes that not even a deceiver could bring about a falsity that would produce â€Å"a manifest contradiction† (Descartes: 25). It is when Descartes proclaims the mission of th is third meditation that a circularity arises: â€Å"I must examine whether there is a God, and, if there is, whether he can be a deceiver. For if I do not know this, it seems that I can never be quite certain about anything elseShow MoreRelatedThe Cartesian Circle is Wrong1586 Words   |  7 PagesRene Descartes meditations on the existence of God are very profound, thought-provoking, and engaging. From the meditations focused specifically on the existence of God, Descartes uses the argument that based on his clear and distinct perception that cannot be treated with doubt, God does exist. In the beginning of the third meditation, Descartes proclaims that he is certain he is a thinking thing based on his clear and distinct perception, and he couldn’t be certain unless all clear and distinctRead MoreDescartes : Synopsis Of Meditations 1987 Words   |  4 Pages Descartes: Synopsis of meditations 1, 2, 3 (p530-546) In what follows, I will summarize and come up with some explications to the first three meditations covered by Descartes. The first deals with the method of doubt, the second deals with the human mind and body, and finally the third with the existence of God. I will summarize these parts separately, in that order. In the first meditation, the meditator, who’s Descartes, introduces us with â€Å"the method of doubt†. WhatRead MoreThe Second Meditation Essay845 Words   |  4 PagesThe Second Meditation The first precept was never to accept a thing as true until I knew it as such without a single doubt. --Renà © Descartes Le Discours de la Mà ©thode, I In the First Meditation, Descartes invites us to think skeptically. He entices us with familiar occasions of error, such as how the size of a distant tower can be mistaken. Next, an even more profound reflection on how dreams and reality are indistinguishable provides suitable justification to abandon all that he previouslyRead MoreEssay about Descartes discourse on method931 Words   |  4 Pages Understanding Descartes’ Method of Doubt Clear your mind, if you will, of everything you have ever seen or known to be true. To begin understanding Rene Descartes’ method of doubt, you need to suspend all prejudice and prior judgments and start with a clean slate â€Å"for the purpose of discovering some ultimate truth on which to base all thought.† (Kolak, Pg.225). Discouraged with much skepticism from his own beliefs, Descartes was embarrassed of his own ignorance. He set out to try and accomplishRead MoreDescartes Discourse on Method931 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding Descartes Method of Doubt Clear your mind, if you will, of everything you have ever seen or known to be true. To begin understanding Rene Descartes method of doubt, you need to suspend all prejudice and prior judgments and start with a clean slate for the purpose of discovering some ultimate truth on which to base all thought. (Kolak, Pg.225). Discouraged with much skepticism from his own beliefs, Descartes was embarrassed of his own ignorance. He set out to try and accomplishRead MoreThe Matrix, Descartes First Meditation, And Plato s The Allegory Of The Cave909 Words   |  4 Pagesare common questions that everyone asks sometime in their lives. These questions date back since man was made. Nobody knows 100% what happens to us when we die, or what our purpose is in life. Humans have a natural instinct to raise questions to material that we are uncertain of. The movie The Matrix, Descartes First Meditation, and Plato’s The Allegory of the Cave all raise different aspects to questions such as do I exist, what is reality, and how do I know? In The Allegory of the Cave, SocratesRead MoreThe Dream Inside Of A Dream By Christopher Nolan1683 Words   |  7 PagesFinal Paper: Descartes The possibility of having a dream inside of a dream is an idea that has been discussed far and wide. However, before Inception came out in 2010 by director Christopher Nolan, many people in the modern world may not have ever considered this idea. Nonetheless, this idea of â€Å"a dream inside a dream† has been around since 1640, when Rene Descartes published Meditations. In Inception, Christopher Nolan uses Descartes ideas to enhance the storyline of his film. In this paperRead MoreThe Existence Of Beliefs Beyond Doubt Essay2214 Words   |  9 PagesRenà © Descartes set out in his writing of Meditations on First Philosophy to prove the existence of beliefs beyond doubt. He begins his first meditation by casting all things into doubt, claiming that there is no reason to believe that anything exists at all, including the external world, God, and even his own being. Descartes believes that anything which cannot be cast into doubt must certainly be true, and then goes on to i ntroduce an argument which attempts to prove the existence of God. ThoughRead MoreDescartes And The Fourth Meditation Essay1742 Words   |  7 PagesAt the beginning of the fourth meditation Descartes has developed three main certainties: 1) God exists. The understanding that God exists, comes from the intellect and not from the senses or the imagination therefore God exists 2) God is not a deceiver because deceiving is a sign of weakness or malice and because God is perfect he would not be allowed to do things of such evil nature. And 3) if God created him, God is responsible for his judgment, and so his ability to judge must be sound; so longRead MoreThe Existence of God: According to Descartes Essays1758 Words   |  8 Pages Once Descartes has proved his existence by way of the Cogito argument, and has determined what it is that belongs to his essence of being a thinking thing, he must move to examining questions about the world around him. However, before doing this, he thinks it better to examine the question of the existence of God. If he can prove that he was created by a perfectly benevolent creator, then his innate ideas must carry some semblance of truth, as God is not a deceiver and has placed these ideas

Confucianism, Daoism, And Legalism - 1688 Words

Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism, are three Chinese ideologies in Classic China that held influence on how society should be, how to achieve order and what made government strong. Anyone that was a practitioner of these three philosophies would have had no idea how the Roman Republic or Empire worked in those regards. It would not be surprising if a Confucian, a Daoist and a Legalist had praise and dislike for how Rome was ran. A Confucian who might look upon the Roman society and government with most disdain and little praise. Confucianism stressed the values of ancestor worship, love for humanity and obedience for family and elders. Romans more or less gravitated to conquering land to expand the Republic or the Empire; because of†¦show more content†¦That shaped a man’s inability to hold intelligence and that they are a lower man doomed to be selfish in the eyes to Confucianists. The Romans form of governments passed from the primary rule of the Senate in the Repu blic then to the rule of the Emperor in the age of the Empire. The Republic was an oligarchy meaning that only the top elite held positions of power, the patricians. Subsequently, the plebeians, the common peoples of Rome, after much fight, got a place in government known as the Assembly. They were able to make decisions on behalf of the common peoples and sort out local debuts. After the fall of the Republic, the Empire took control and the Emperor took most of the power away from the Senate. Confucianists viewed a ruler had to be kind but firm. A ruler should have the intellect of a scholar and needs to think people other than himself. Therefore, a ruler should not think of himself, or be doomed to be a lower man. In a Confucianist eyes, most to all the Roman emperors and Senate members would be seen as selfish and not honorable for not thinking of the plebeians . However, they would applaud the inclusion of the Plebeian Assembly, having the common people into governmental posit ions, specifically because a bright mind could be within the Assembly and could further the power of it. However, the Confucianists would not be pleased to learn that not all bright minds in Rome got anShow MoreRelatedConfucianism, Daoism, and Legalism976 Words   |  4 Pagesvariety of methods – Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism to name a few. Each philosophy had its own set of rules of how people should act both in public and privately. The overall goal of each philosophy was to set a standard of acceptable living that would ensure harmony and success for the society. However, each was different and thus had different results. The best way for the people of China to succeed in a harmonious, respectable society occurred when both Confucianism and Legalism were combined. Read MoreConfucianism, Daoism, and Legalism Essay1175 Words   |  5 Pagesmatters of China. Confucianism became the paramount school of thinking and later significant philosophies such as Daoism and Lega lism gained immense recognition as well. Each party had their own proposals for creating an idealistic political society where the many problems they faced in their everyday lives could be eliminated. All three approaches were very distinct but at the same time, they contained similarities as well. In my reasoning, I find that Confucianism and Daoism could be paralledRead MoreThe Influence of Ancient Chinese Philosophies such as Confucianism, Legalism and Daoism 2337 Words   |  10 Pagesspecified area. A proper example of this would be the three Chinese philosophies of Confucianism, Legalism and Daoism. These belief systems all represent a different path of the geographic spreads any belief system could take, despite having originated in the same areas. Even so, they all come to be major influences in the different ways of life of the Chinese people, as well as other neighboring areas. Confucianism is a great philosophy to live by. It provides a strict moral discipline, and helpsRead MoreInfluences of China Essay698 Words   |  3 Pages Daoism, Confucianism, and Legalism To understand China’s current government you need to look at its influences. Daoism involves a deep acceptance of the rhythms of nature and the way of all things (World Religions); which effects people’s personal beliefs and is one of China’s main religions. Confucianism helped pave the way for communism and still is a powerful philosophy today. The ideas of Legalism directly affect the Chinese government. Despite the fact that modern China is one of the largestRead MoreThe Three Philosophies Of China1097 Words   |  5 PagesThe three Philosophies of China consist of Legalism, Daoism, and Confucianism, but only one Philosophy surpasses all others, Confucianism. Legalism is one of the strictest ways of ruling. Han Fei Zi founded legalism; he believed that there was only one way to obtain order in a society; this was through learning from your mistakes. Although the punishments were cruel and caused many to suffer, it also provided obedience from citizens. (Johnson) Legalism was based off of three strict guidelines: FaRead MoreThe Three Types of Ancient Chinese Rulers943 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent rulers tried to unify and rule the country using a variety of methods – Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism to name a few. Each philosophy had its own set of rules of how people should act both in public and privately. The overall goal of each philosophy was to set a standard of acceptable living that would ensure harmony and success for the society. However, each was different and thus had different results. Legalism is a philosophy emphasizing strict obedience to the legal system. It was oneRead MoreLegalism, Taoism, and Confucianism in Ancient China1049 Words   |  4 PagesLegalism, Taoism, and Confucianism in Ancient China Philosophies dictate the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of individuals or groups, even entire civilizations. Since the beginning of time there has been great debate among men over which philosophies to live life by. The list of philosophies that exist in the world today is nearly endless, making it difficult to decide which one is the most suitable to live by. Ancient China was arguably among one of the most philosophical culturesRead MoreChinese Philosophy Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pagesamidst the chaos and constant warring of the Zhou era. The three were called Confucianism, Daoism, and legalism. They were Chinese philosophies that were thought to be the best ways to rule and achieve order in the society. Confucianism believed that a ruler s job was to set a good example, and not order. Since people were thought of as naturally good, they would following the right path based on their own conscience. Legalism was a more harsh way of ruling, led by Hanfeizi. They thoug ht people wereRead MoreEssay on The Daoism and the Confucianism in Han Dynasty1623 Words   |  7 PagesThe Daoism and the Confucianism in Han Dynasty Yang Yu History 135: Imperial Chinese History Professor: Robert J. Culp Paper I March 4th, 2011 The Daoism and the Confucianism in Han Dynasty As the dominant philosophical school for around two thousand years in Chinese imperial history, Confucianism is always regarded as the most representative ideology of China, associated with numerous books, poems, artworks and stories that glorify Confucianism’s permeation into every corner of ChineseRead MoreHan Fei Legalism Analysis1108 Words   |  5 PagesLegalism is based on a document titled â€Å"The Writings of Master Han Fei† that was written by Han Fei. Han Fei was a prince in the Han state of China. He was schooled with Confucian ideas and principles, but would reject them to create a more lawful society. Since he was a prince, he had a high social status and was in line for the throne of the state of Han after his father would pass. This gave him an advantage to implement his legalist ideas into the government because he would soon be ruler of

Gangs in Our Society Free Essays

string(34) " they have no choice but to join\." Running head: GANGS: THE EFFECT ON SOCIETY 1 Gangs: The Effect on Society 2 Abstract Crime is a growing problem in cities around the United States. A big part of this problem can be attributed to gangs. The number of people who get injured or killed by gang violence continues to rise. We will write a custom essay sample on Gangs in Our Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some people feel the criminal justice system is failing to control the growth and strength of gangs in communities and prisons alike. In today’s society, the age of gang members continues to decrease while the number of them continues to increase. As youth continue to age the chance that they will end up in prison increases. There will be focus on the relationship between prison and street gangs and how society is affected as a result of these gangs. It is important to look at how gang violence can be reduced if not prevented all together. Introduction and Background Gangs in America flourish in an environment where basic social institutions such as family, role models, and education are weak. Often found in ghettos and poor, lower class neighborhoods, gangs can also thrive in rural and suburban areas (Palmer, 2010). Before we begin to explore the various aspects of gangs, it is important to define what a gang is. There are many definitions and much debate about gangs among law enforcement and scholars. For this reason constructing a definition that represents all types of gangs becomes problematic and almost impossible. For this paper I will use the Ohio Revised Code definition of a gang which is, â€Å"Any organization, association, or group of persons, either formal or informal, which may have a common name or identifying sign or symbol, whose members or associates engage in activities Gangs: The Effect on Society 3 which include, but are not limited to: planning, organizing, threatening, financing, soliciting, or committing unlawful acts† (Steele, 2011). History of Gangs It is not known when gangs first came into existence but the word thug dates back to the 1200’s. Thug is derived from the word â€Å"thugz†, which is an Indian word that refers to a gang of criminals who would travel the country causing trouble (Padilla, 1992). Gang activity became most prominent in the United States in the 1920’s due to Al Capone, also known as Scarface. Due to Prohibition during this time, criminal gangs began to distribute alcohol on the black market. Capone influenced many would-be gangsters and by the 1950’s there were a number of cities with gangs committing crimes at an alarming rate. Street gangs have changed over the years with respect to their goals, the age of members, their commitment to delinquency, and the level of violence. Adamson (1998) attributes this change to immigration, population movement, economic transformations, racial and ethnic conflict and the changing fabric of neighborhood and family life. Methodology Information presented in this paper came from a variety of sources. Among them are interviews, review of literature, and gang training. There have been many residents of the correctional facility this author has worked over the years who are members of youth gangs in their communities. The majority of them have family members who are currently serving time in prison for gang related crimes. This author attended a gang training put on by the Ohio Supreme Gangs: The Effect on Society 4 Court Judicial College in which many of the speakers are experts in the fields they work in. Vinko Kucinic, a Security Threat Group Investigations Coordinator with the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Corrections provided a great deal of information along with insight as to the severity and seriousness of prison gangs. Literature review included books, journal articles, and websites. Objectives The objectives of this paper are to give a little background into the formation of gangs and how they got to where they are now. Gangs continue to grow due to the number of youth joining these gangs for various reasons. Youth who prefer the gang life may find themselves in trouble with the law, which will lead us to the relationship between street and prison gangs. After we explore the particulars about street and prison gangs we will look at the various theories that explain why people join gangs. The paper will end with what and how society and law enforcement can reduce or prevent the increasing number of gangs in our society. Data Results of Youth Gangs The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) performed a National Youth Gang Survey in 2007 that found there were more than 27,000 active gangs across the United States and more than 788,000 gang members, a 7. 7% percent increase from 2002 (Marion Oliver, 2006). There are many reasons why youth decide to join gangs. Some of the reasons boys join include protection from the streets, access to illegal drugs, a substitute for Gangs: The Effect on Society 5 family, and they have family members who belong to gangs. Girls join because family and friends are involved and they want to get a reputation (Huff, 2002). According to Howell (2010) youth are at higher risk of joining a gang if they engage in delinquent behaviors, are aggressive or violent, experience multiple caretakers, have problems at school, associate with other gang-involved youth, or live in communities where they feel unsafe and where other youth get into trouble. When youth do not get love and support from their families, especially their parents eventually they will look elsewhere for it. The teenage years are often the most vulnerable, a time when they need guidance and acceptance in their lives. Gangs are viewed to many members as â€Å"family† because people care them, watch out for them, and will never leave them. Many youth who grow up in crime-ridden neighborhoods because of gangs may feel the only way to stay safe is to join a gang. Rival gangs often walk the streets coercing younger kids to join their gangs. Some may feel as though they have no choice but to join. You read "Gangs in Our Society" in category "Papers" Youth who have family members in gangs can sometimes feel persuaded or pressured into joining the gang as well. Deanna Rodriguez, gang bureau chief in New York says, â€Å"We’re seeing more children who are being exposed to the gang world because their parents are members† (Parks, 2011). From the time they are babies they are dressed in the colors and taught the signs with their hands. When children are raised in this type of environment from such an early age, it becomes the only lifestyle they know. Another reason youth join gangs is a much debated issue and is based on the media. According to Mike Carlie (2002) there are three main views of the effect that violence in the media has on children. Gangs: The Effect on Society 6 The first view is that children who are raised in violent environments get confirmation of that violence when observing it or gang activity in the media. The second view is that non-violent children who are not supervised growing up while watching violent television, playing violent video games, or listening to violent rap music, begin to mimic what they witness or hear. The last view is that violence in the media allows for the purging of negative emotions and feelings. Bill O’Reilly gives his perspective on the relationship between violence in the media and gangs. The excerpt from Dudley Gerdes (2005) reads: The debasement of our culture, of which gangsta rap is a big part, has coarsened children in general and put high-risk kids in a dangerous place. Taking drugs, carrying guns and disrespecting human beings is now not only socially acceptable in many situations, it is downright glamorous. Prison and Street gangs It is estimated by the U. S. Department of Justice that the number of gangs totaled about one million in 2008. Of those 147,000 were documented gang members incarcerated in correctional facilities (Parks, 2011). Gang activity is a growing problem in America’s prisons. Gangs in prisons are known as security threat groups (STGs) because of the interference with prison discipline. The major threats that gangs pose include the smuggling of contraband, violence, and bribery (Newton, 2008). The top leaders of gangs in prison are the ones who have been imprisoned the longest and run the street gangs. The STGs have the same agenda as other gangs but instead of them starting on the street and ending up in prison, they organize in prison and take their activity out on the streets through the use of visitors and parolees. Gangs: The Effect on Society 7 Street gangs are exploited for money and other resources through prison gangs. This occurs in a number of ways. Family members often operate as messengers and drug couriers. They are normally given instructions by gang members during visits to pass on to members of the street gangs. Family members are also known to smuggle contraband in to inmates that can include cellphones, drugs, and money. According to the National Gang Intelligence Center (NGIC) and the US Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP), cell phones smuggled into correctional facilities pose the greatest threat to institution safety (â€Å"2011 National gang†, 2011). These cell phones, including smartphones, give incarcerated gang members power over street gangs through text messages, internet access, email, and unmonitored conversations. Cell phones are used to plan or direct criminal activities such as assault, murder, and drug interactions. The main difference between street gangs and prisons gangs is their motivation for violence. Street gangs normally commit violent acts to terrorize its enemies; if a murder occurs it is usually of secondary importance. The prison gang uses murder as a specific act of revenge; the terror created by the killing is of secondary importance (Landre, Miller, Porter, 1997). In many cases, the â€Å"wannabes† pose more of a threat in prison then do actual gang members. This is due to the â€Å"wannabes† carrying out numerous violent acts as they attempt to impress other members with their ability to be ruthless and to show support for the activities of the group. Aryan Brotherhood One of the top prison gangs is the Aryan Brotherhood (AB). AB is a white supremacist group that was formed in 1967, at San Quentin prison in California (Walker, 2011). They initially formed for the protection of whites against blacks in prison and have since become a Gangs: The Effect on Society 8 criminal enterprise. The AB is concerned with white-supremacy, and is known to murder those who oppose the system. In the prison system they are known for their control of the sale of drugs, gambling, â€Å"punk,† or male prostitutes. The only way to become a member of the AB is to abide by their philosophy of â€Å"Blood In- Blood Out† (Steele, 2011). This means that you kill somebody to get into the gang and die to part from it. Mexican Mafia Another of the top prison gangs is the Mexican Mafia. The Mexican Mafia was formed in the 1950’s within the California Department of Corrections, and is one of the oldest and most powerful prison gangs in the United States (Walker, 2011). They are well known for drug trafficking, extortion, and murder. They often use the number 13 as their gang identification, due to the letter â€Å"M† being the 13th letter of the alphabet. One unique characteristic of the Mexican Mafia is that a member of the gang itself may not be murdered without the vote of at least three members, non-members do not require a vote. Theories of Gang Membership There are numerous criminological theories that give explanations to the reasons why people become members of a gang. Social disorganization theory was first introduced by Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay in 1942. Prior to this Frederic Thrasher is credited with the research that led up to this in 1927 with his study of 1,313 Chicago gang youth (Howell Curry, 2009). Thrasher felt that economic destabilization contributed to social disorganization, which in turn, led to the breakdown of conventional social institutions such as the school, the church, and most importantly the family (Wood Alleyne, 2010). When families or schools were Gangs: The Effect on Society 9 ineffective in the socialization of children, the gang was there to fill the gaps. Furthermore, neighborhoods that lack organization ultimately lack the ability to provide essential services to the residents of the community. Shaw and McKay felt that personal ties among neighbors are what constitute community organization. Differential association theory The idea of differential association was introduced by Edwin Sutherland in 1939 (Conrad, Cox, Allen Hanser, 2008). His approach combines principles of the learning theory with the idea that learning takes place in interaction within social groups. Sutherland recognized that criminal behavior is learned and that young people develop attitudes and skills necessary to become delinquent by associating with individuals who are â€Å"carriers† of criminal norms (Wood Alleyne, 2010). The family is the primary point of learning social behavior, including deviant behavior. Individuals learn how to define situations as being law-abiding or law-violating behavior based on what they have experienced in life experiences. Strain theory There are several variations of the strain theory but the central concept is that society sets universal goals for its populace and then offers the ability to achieve them to a limited number of people (Wood Alleyne, 2010). Albert Cohen depicts gang members as working class youth who experience strain resulting in status frustration. Status frustration can be resolved when the youth associates with others like them in order to get back at middle class ideals and standards. Gangs: The Effect on Society 10 This leads to the formation of a delinquent subculture where instant gratification, fighting, and destructive behavior become the new values (Wood Alleyne, 2010). Reducing/Preventing Gang Violence Gang violence is a societal problem, and all parts of our society play a role in tolerating it and enabling it. The steady growth of gangs and gang-related crime presents a challenge for law enforcement and communities alike on all levels throughout the United States. There is evidence that some progress has been made however. The FBI’s Safe Streets Violent Crime Initiative has focused on the most violent gangs, crimes of violence, and the apprehension of violent fugitives (Parks, 2011). As a result of this from 2001 to 2008 over 40,000 arrests and 17,000 convictions of gang members were made (Parks, 2011). Law enforcement is not the only ones who should be worried about gang activity and crime. The community is an important part of reducing and preventing gang violence. Community Involvement The most important thing a community can do to address gang problems is to prevent them from developing. Early intervention programs in schools can identify youth who are truant and/or who show signs of violent or disruptive behavior and get them assistance before it becomes too late (Alonso, Coles, Fry, 2000). Schools can also encourage those youth to join extra-curricular activities whether it is sports or clubs such as drama, band, choir, and art to name a few. These activities can give a youth a sense of accomplishment and can also provide them with a sense of belonging. Gangs: The Effect on Society 11 Communities have also started imposing anti-gang ordinances known as injunctions. Injunctions vary from city to city but the idea is that they prohibit gang members from engaging in activities in â€Å"safety zones† (Parks, 2011). In these safety zones, gang members may not display gang signs, wear gang colors, associate or intimidate others. Violators are subject to fine and/or jail time. Parental Involvement Parents can be the most active players in preventing and reducing gang problems. Parents and other responsible adults need to learn everything they can about gangs and why youth join gangs as this can help keep children and neighborhoods safe. Chanequa Walker-Barnes, a psychology professor at the University of North Carolina concluded from research that parents- especially those in African American families have a lot of influence over their children and can help them avoid gangs (Hamilton, 2002). What parents do not realize is that losing a child to the gang can be avoided. They need to show their children love, support, and acceptance before it is too late. Law Enforcement and Government Involvement Gang units and task forces are important in targeting gangs and have played a major role in mitigating gang activity in a number of US communities. Other efforts to control the spread of gang violence include RICO. RICO is the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, which increases penalties for various crimes, such as murder, arson, robbery, or extortion, when the offender belongs to an organized criminal group (Newton, 2008). Gangs: The Effect on Society 12 Gang Resistance Education and Training (G. R. E. A. T. ) is a gang and violence prevention program built around school-based, law enforcement officer-instructed classroom curricula (â€Å"Prevent youth crime,,† 2011). The main purposes of the program are to immunize against delinquency, youth violence, and gang membership for children before they reach the age that gang temptation is rampant. Discussion The most interesting and intriguing thing learned in this authors research is that it is not easy to get out of the gang. One story by a gang member commented that it is not uncommon for members to be told they cannot ever leave the gang. Even if they are allowed to quit, they are often required to be â€Å"jumped out†, meaning they must undergo a beating by gang members. In addition to be beaten by gang members, someone who wants to leave the gang may be stabbed by gang members as well. It seems as though anything goes when it comes to being jumped out. Gang members don’t care if they are use fists, knives, guns, or if there are two or 50 members doing the beating. Membership in gangs is taken seriously and quitting is considered an insult and a sign of disloyalty. Relationship between prison and street gangs Before this research was started this author had the perception that street and prison gangs were two separate entities. The literature clearly proved that perception wrong. Prison gangs run the street gangs and control most aspects of the drug world as well. Gang members in prison control not only the street gangs but family members as well as prison staff. Corrections officers and parole officers are also known to smuggle contraband in for inmates. Prison staff Gangs: The Effect on Society 13 can play two roles in prison gang culture. As active participants they may provide alibis, take bribes or payments for their silence, and provide opportunities for crimes to be carried out. Passive participants may â€Å"overlook† situations long enough for gang members to do what they want. Prison staff is not immune to the violence of gangs. They may be threatened, physically or sexually assaulted and harassed. Youth gangs All the literature on youth gangs just reinforces how vulnerable children are in the early years. The number of youth who join gangs to find belonging and acceptance is unreal. One cannot blame a child for wanting to feel needed or to want protection when they are not getting that from the one place that means the most, the home. What is more heartbreaking are the children who do not get the choice of whether they want to be a gang member as they are born into it and that is the only life they know. Conclusion The prevalence of gangs and the number of crimes committed by gang members demonstrate that while gang activity may not be a new problem, it certainly presents serious issues. Youth gangs are an increasing problem in societies across the country and are the easiest time of a person’s life to prevent them from joining a gang. There are so many programs in schools and the communities that parents can access for their at risk youth. Prison gangs do not just affect the correctional systems as they control what happens on the streets. What is the prisons problems spill out to become the community’s problems as well. Several theories were looked at to help explain why people join gangs such as the strain theory, differential association Gangs: The Effect on Society 14 theory and the social disorganization theory. There are a number of ways given that parents and communities can help in the reduction and prevention of gang involvement as well as what law enforcement and government agencies are doing. Gangs: The Effect on Society 15 References Adamson, C. (1998). Tribute, turf, honor and the American street gang: patterns of continuity and change since 1820. Theoretical Criminology, 2(1), 57-84. Retrieved from http://journals. ohiolink. edu/ejc/pdf. cgi/Adamson_Christopher. pdf? issn=13624806issue=v02i0001article=57_tthataocacs1 Alonso, A. , Coles, C. , Fry, R. (2000). Gangs, crime, and social deviance: a dialogue. Focus on Law Studies, 16(1), Retrieved from http://www. americanbar. org/content/dam/aba/publishing/focus_on_law_studies/publiced_focus_fall_00. authcheckdam. pdf Carlie, M. 2002). Into the abyss: a personal journey into the world of street gangs. Springfield, MO: Self Publication. Conrad, J. J. , Cox, S. M. , Allen, J. M. , Hanser, R. D. (2008). Juvenile justice: a guide to theory, policy, and practice. (6 Ed. ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Dudley, W. , Gerdes, L. (2005). Opposing viewpoints: gangs. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press. Gangs: The Effect on Society 16 Hamilton, K. (2002). Gangbusters: Parents still play a key role in saving kids from the streets. Black Issues in Higher Education, Retrieved from http://www. highbeam. com/doc/1G1-89379977. html Howell, J. C. (2010). Gang prevention: an overview of research and programs. Retrieved from U. S. Department of Justice website: https://www. ncjrs. gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/231116. pdf Howell, J. C. , Curry, G. D. (2009). Mobilizing communities to address gang problems. Retrieved from Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention website: http://www. nationalgangcenter. gov/Content/Documents/NYGC-bulletin-4. df Huff, C. R. (2002). Gangs in America iii. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Landre, R. , Miller, M. , Porter, D. (1997). Gang: a handbook for community awareness. New York, NY: Facts on File, Inc. Marion, N. E. , Oliver, W. M. (2006). The public policy of crime and criminal justice. (2 Ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Gangs: The Effect on Society 17 Newton, M. (2008). Criminal investigations: Gangs and gang crime. New York, NY: Chelsea House Publishers. Padilla, F. (1992). The gang as an American enterprise. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. Palmer, O. (2010, May 27). Why the gang culture exists (a 3-part series). Retrieved from http://oceanpalmer. com/blog/? p=660 Parks, P. (2011). Gangs: Current issues. San Diego, CA: Reference Point Press. Steele, K. (2011). Gangs and security threat groups. The Supreme Court of Ohio Judicial College. Walker, R. (2011). Gangs or us. Retrieved from http://www. gangsorus. com/prison_gangs. html Wood, J. , Alleyne, E. (2010). Street gang theory and research: where are we now and where do we go from here?. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(2), 100-111. (2011). Prevent youth crime, violence, and gang involvement. Retrieved from U. S. Department of Justice website: http://www. great-online. org/ Gangs: The Effect on Society 18 (2011). 2011 national gang threat assessment: Emerging trends. Retrieved from Federal Bureau of Investigation website: http://www. fbi. gov/stats-services/publications/2011-national-gang-threat-assessment How to cite Gangs in Our Society, Papers

Microeconomics Principles and Policy Pratices

Question: Discuss about the Microeconomics for Principles and Policy Pratices. Answer: Introduction Amidst the several industries in the world, the retail industry evolved to be one of the most affecting and largely functioning sectors. According to Price (2015), not only did the companys focus on generating an increased level of profit and provide the people with their most needed goods, they also focus on sustainability concerns. In order to maintain stability and develop productive levels, the management also largely took to understand the several micro (internal) factors that affect business and aimed to mitigate its effect. Furthermore, an aspect of maximising competencies also emerged from the same (Curtis, Lundholm McVay, 2014). As compared to any other business sector, it is noticed that the retailing industry largely depends on its internal aspects in areas of decision making and in facilitating operational functions. In order to understand the topic in a much more organised manner, the project includes a wide discussion of the Australian retail industry, its micro elements and areas of reformation. In order to fulfil targets and achieve goals, managers concentrate on identifying pitfalls and filling up gaps in an effective manner. With a goal to understand the conduct of individual characteristics, supervisors tend to undertake various functions and foresee success. Discussion As opined by Smith Agrawal (2015), the concept of microeconomics in the retailing industry is comprised of all the necessary resources that act as the backbone of companies. It is often that managers tend to identify the main components and further undertake necessary benefiting implications. Among the several number of internal aspect, customers tend to be the most important and crucial concern for firms in Australia (Agarwal, Singhal Goel, 2014). With a direct impact and power to control future of the enterprise, the clients play a key role. It is noted that the management in addition to maintain a direct relationship with its visitors focus on building up a positive perception. Moreover, modern companies like Woolworths, department and home improvements have a tendency to influence the microeconomic elements and further increase revenue generation. Moreover, the food, beverage, apparel-wear and similar other supermarket organizations also develop high products and services in ac cordance to the prevailing market situation (Baumol Blinder, 2015). Demand and supply the most vital aspect of the market mechanism system has a large influence on retail business firms. Several factors like a change in price, fluctuation in income levels, public preferences, advertising, presence of substitutes and many other similar features have a direct impact on the demand and supply curve. According to Corstjens Lal (2012), it is noted that a rise in wealth generation leads to an increase in product requirements which further influences the supply pattern. Concerning high quality of goods, there is a rightward shift of the demand pattern in the Australian market. A production of desired goods not only proves to be a win-win situation not only for the retailer markets, but also for the people of the country. On the other hand, the demand and supply pattern tends to behave in a different manner in case of substitutes and complementary goods. An increase in substitute product prices not only leads to a rise of demand for its competing good but also causes a change in the supply curve. While an opposite situation occurs in case of complementary commodities. Retailers in the industry along with their management team opt to maximize revenue generation and also gain stability in cases of Giffen, Composite, Joint, Ostentatious and Derived demand goods. As stated by Tang et al., (2014), in order to develop capabilities and lead the business to success the retail firm owners and managers largely focus on grabbing demand opportunities and provide the people with a right amount of supply. Sourcing of goods is a very crucial function for the retail firms. Irrespective of the type of retail outlet and a differentiation in products and service dealings, supply affecting factors are of great importance to the companies. For example, retail companies like David Jones, IGA, Leading Edge and several others focus on reforming their supply pattern. Concerning Australia, characteristics like government policies, production cost changes, technological developments and related good prices play the most crucial roles (Fernie Sparks, 2014). Further, despite of a few reforms in this particular segment, a mitigation model is greatly needed in the retail industry. With an expansion of interdependency, experts undertake reconstruction and reorganization of the supply design as well. According to Corstjens Lal (2012), firms like Woolworths Limited, Myer and Westfield Group largely depend on the high expertise levels of its managers who guide business decisions. Furthermore, food retailers like Red Rooster focus on developing a completely separate team to learn about market changes and thereby help the firm to develop adaptation abilities. The Australian retail industry is considered to be among the most profitable industries across the world. A change in legislative polices, like fiscal regulations, industrial regulations and similar factors tend to have an impact on the supply. An increase in tax rates lowers supplies, whereas a decrease and absence of rigid rules leads to supply rises. Raw material costs, buying preferences and market price patterns influence the delivery of goods as well. As opined by Pozzi Schivardi (2015), in case of inferior and luxury goods the retail industry tends to act in a different manner. Despite a fall in prices of products like salt and transportation there is no extraordinary increase in demand. On the contrary, a lowering in gold, silver and other luxury good prices leads to a drastic increase in demands. Conclusion Analysing the Australian retail industry it can be inferred that there exists several microeconomic factors that directly impact performance and development of a business firm. It can also be seen that the managers often join hands with the highly skilled taskforce to undertake reformations. In order to establish dominancy or maintain position in the market, organizations often turn to their individual abilities and differentiated strategies as well. Being a widely spread segment, not only the above mentioned elements, but also there exists and may arise even more affecting features in the future. Reviewing the several concepts of the project it can be concluded that it is only with proper management, control and reorganizations that will enable a retail business to progress towards success. References Agarwal, A., Singhal, A., Goel, B. (2014). A Study of Emotional SATISFACTION, RELATIONSHIP Quality Customer LOYALTY in Retail INDUSTRY.International Journal of Retailing Rural Business Perspectives,3(1), 732. Baumol, W. J., Blinder, A. S. (2015).Microeconomics: Principles and policy. Cengage Learning. Corstjens, M., Lal, R. (2012). Retail Doesn't Cross Borders: Here's Why and What to do about it. Curtis, A. B., Lundholm, R. J., McVay, S. E. (2014). Forecasting sales: A model and some evidence from the retail industry.Contemporary Accounting Research,31(2), 581-608. Fernie, J., Sparks, L. (2014).Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Pozzi, A., Schivardi, F. (2015). Entry Regulation in Retail Markets. Price, R. (2015). Controlling routine front line service workers: an Australian retail supermarket case.Work, Employment Society, 0950017015601778. Smith, S. A., Agrawal, N. (2015). Retail Supply Chain Management. Tang, C., Liu, Y., Oh, H., Weitz, B. (2014). Socialization tactics of new retail employees: a pathway to organizational commitment.Journal of Retailing,90(1), 62-73.

My is on Drinking and Driving Offences. In Essay Example For Students

My is on Drinking and Driving Offences. In Essay duiMy essay is on Drinking and Driving Offences. In my essay I will tell you the various kinds of drinking and driving offences, the penalties, and the defences you can make if you are caught drinking and driving. Let me tell you about the different offences. There are six offences in drinking and driving. They are driving while impaired,Having care and control of a vehicle while impaired, Driving whileexceeding 80 m.g., Having care and control of a vehicle while exceeding80 m.g., Refusing to give a breath sample, and refusing to submit to aroadside screen test. These are all Criminal Code Offences. Now lets talk about the penalties of drinking and driving. Thesentence for refusing to give a breath sample is usually higher than either of the exceeding 80 m.g. offences. Consequently it is usuallyeasier in the long run for you to give a breath sample if asked. If, forexample you are convicted of Refusing ato give a breath sample for thefirst time, but was earlier convicted of Driving while impaired, yourconviction for Refusing will count as a second conviction, not a first,and will receive the stiffer penalty for second offences. For the first offence here is the penalty and the defences you canmake. Driving a vehicle while your ability to drive is impaired by alcoholor drugs is one of the offences. Evidence of your condition can be used toconvict you. This can include evidence of your general conduct, speech, ability to walk a straight line or pick up objects. The penalty of thefirst offences is a fine of $50.00 to $2000.00 and/or imprisonment of up tosix months, and automatic suspension of licence for 3 months. The secondoffence penalty is imprisonment for 14 days to 1 year and automaticsuspension of licence for 6 months. The third offence penalty isimprisonment for 3 months to 2 years (or more) and automatic suspension oflicence for six months. These penalties are the same for the followingHaving Care and Control of a Motor Vehicle while Impaired isanother offence. Having care and control of a vehicle does not requirethat you be driving it. Occupying the drivers seat, even if you did nothave the keys, is s ufficient. Walking towards the car with the keys couldbe sufficient. Some defences are you were not impaired, or you did not havecare and control because you were not in the drivers seat, did not havethe keys, etc. It is not a defence that you registered below 80 m.g. onthe breathayzer test. Having care and control depends on all circumstances. Driving While Exceeding 80 m.g. is the next offence. Driving avehicle, having consumed alcohol in such a quantity that the proportion ofalcohol in your blood exceeds 80 miligrams of alcohol in 100 mililitres ofblood. Some defences are the test was administered improperly, or thebreathalyzer machine was not functioning properly. Having Care and control of a Motor Vehicle while Exceeding 80m.g. is the next offence I will talk about. This offence means havingcare and control of a vehicle whether it is in motion or not, havingconsumed alcohol in such a quantity that the proportion of alcohol in yourblood exceeds 80 miligrams of alcohol in 100 mililitres of blood. Thedefences are the test was administered improperly, or the breathalyzermachine was not functioning properly. To defend against breathalyzerevidence you must understand how the test should be administered. Theproper procedure for a breathalyzer test is as follows. Warming up themachine until the thermometer registers 50 degrees centigrade. This shouldtake at least 10 minutes. The machine should then be turned to zero (byusing the adjust zero control) and a comparison ampoulel (of normal air)inserted. if the metre remains at zero, the test can proceed. An ampoulewith a standard solution is then inserted. If the metre reads high or lowby more than .02% on two successive tests, the machine should not be used. If the trial is valid, the machine should be flushed with room air and thepointer set at start. You will then be asked to provide two breath samples,about fifteen minutes apart. Normally they will take the result of thelowest result and use it as evidence against you. .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f , .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f .postImageUrl , .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f , .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f:hover , .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f:visited , .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f:active { border:0!important; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f:active , .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubfe4630cb6017d0cf9df5ff45d2e608f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Information systems In BankingRefusing to Give a Breath Sample means refusing without areasonable excuse to give a sample or refusing without a reasonable excuseto accompany a polic officer, when demanded by the police officer. Beforedemanding by the police officer, he must have reasonable and probable grounds to believe that you are committing or at any time in the preceedingtwo hours have committed, one of the offences of driving or having care andcontrol of a vehicle while impaired or while having a blood alcohol levelin excess of 80 m.g. You can refuse to give a breath sample until you havecommunicated in private with your lawyer even if this takes you beyond thetwo ho ur period, unless it is shown that your request for a lawyer was notgenuine and merely to delay the testing. The test can be done after thetwo hour period, but a technician must testify in court as to what yourblood alcohol would have been in the two hour period. You cannot refuse toaccompany the officer until you see your lawyer. You can argue that theofficer didnt have reasonable and probable grounds to suspect you, butthis however depends on the circumstances. Refusing to submit to a Roadside Screening Test is the lastoffense. When you commit this offense you are refusing without reasonableexcuse to give a breath sample for a roadside screening device, or refusingwithout reasonable excuse to accompany a police officer for the purposes ofgiving such a sample, when demanded by an officer. Before the officerdemands a breathalyzer he must reasonably suspect that you have alcohol inThe maximum penalties for impaired driving causing bodily harm to someone is up to 10 years in prison and up to a 10 year prohabition fromdriving. The maximum penalties for impaired driving causing death is up to14 years and a 10 year prohabition from driving. The maximum penalty formanslaughter and criminal negligence causing death is up to life in prisonand up to a lifetime prohabition from driving. I think that these penalties for all the drinking and driving offences are very appropriate, but I think impaired driving causing deathshould be a lifetime imprisonment. Also if a person is impaired and causesbodily harm to some one they should have their licence suspended from himBIBLIOGRAPHYHighway Traffic Law, (Copyright January 1986: Community Legal EducationGovernment Document, Canada Law Reform Commision Report on InvestigativeTests: Aclohol, Drugs, and Driving Offences (1983). Erwin,Richard E. M.Bender ,Defence of Drunk Driving Cases, Criminal CivilPurich, Donald John, Drinking and Driving:What To Do If Your Caught(International Self Counsel Pr. 1978) p.22-25Verticle File at Hill Crest Library, Drinking and Driving-Offences andsVerticle File at Hill Crest Liabrary, Criminal Code-Part 6 (1989), sectionVerticle File at Hill Crest Library, HighWay Trafic (1989), section 26Bibliography: